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标题: AICPA读书笔记FAR之Pension（3）（完） [打印本页]
作者: kevin 时间: 2014-5-22 19:21
标题: AICPA读书笔记FAR之Pension（3）（完）
本帖最后由 kevin 于 2014-5-22 19:33 编辑
四、pension funds的流入与流出
1. Contribution
Pension的funding是指企业将钱投入到养老金计划中用于偿还pension liability的过程。Contribution指企业投入到pension plan之后变成养老金的pension asset的那部分资金。Contribution越多，企业未来仍旧需要投入的资金就越少；所以，contribution是减少pension liability的。
2. Benefits payment
Benefits payment的过程指pension plan将plan asset的资产用于支付退休人员的养老金。在pension trustee的资产负债表上面反映的是plan asset和PBO的同步减少。所以，pension plan的支付benefits这个过程，对于企业来说不需要任何会计处理。
五、Pension liability/asset的列报
Pension liability/asset如何列报取决于pension的funded status。funded status 取决于PBO和plan asset之间的大小
六、综合例题
Schaefer Company has sponsored a noncontributory (i.e., employees make no contributions) defined benefit plan for its 100 employees for several years. Within this group of 100 employees, it is expected that workers will retire or terminate at the rate of 5 per year for the next twenty years starting January 1, year 5. Prior to year 5, cumulative pension expense recognized in compliance with ASC Topic 715 exceeded cumulative contributions by $150,000, resulting in a $150,000 balance sheet liability. As of January 1, year 5, the company has agreed to an amendment to its plan that includes a retroactive provision to recognize prior service. The company has decided to use the “expected future years of service” method to amortize the effects of the amendment made in year 5. Assumptions about the facts relevant to the pension plan for year 4 and year 5 are presented in the tables that follow:
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Accumulated benefit obligation | | | |
Projected benefit obligation | | | |
Unrecognized cumulative gain(loss) | | | |
Prior service cost amendment | | | |
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*Includes effects of amendment
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Employer’s funding contribution | | |
Plan assets (at fair value = market-related value) | | |
Accumulated benefit obligation (60% vested) | | |
Benefits paid by the plan | | |
Expected Rate of return on assets | | |
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例题解析：
Step 1: determine amortization of prior service cost
首先:题目要求用什么摊销方法?
题干要求用expected future years of service method，即期望工作年限法。
然后：allocation base，即total prior service cost金额，是多少？
在Y5的年初对pension plan进行了amendment，增加了prior service cost $105,000，即allocation base是$105,000。
其次：摊销年限和摊销比例分别是多少？
因为在Y5年初将prior service cost加入该计划，第四年完全不需考虑prior service cost。
题干中“Within this group of 100 employees, it is expected that workers will retire or terminate at the rate of 5 per year for the next twenty years starting January 1, year 5”指明：从第5年1月1日开始，pension plan中的100个员工将以每年5个的速度退休。所以，在第5年100个员工，第6年开始就只有95个员工，以此类推，直到这个plan下面所有员工都退休为止。所以，这里第五年的prior service cost的摊销金额是
[attach]148[/attach]
其中，分母（100+95+90+…+5）代表所有员工的服务年限的加总，分子(100)代表第五年未退休的员工数量。
Step 2: determine schedule of changes in plan asset
plan asset的变动情况需要关注以下几个方面：actual return, contribution , benefits paid. 而actual return=expected return + difference between actual and expected return.所以，只需根据题干中给出的数字，可以完成以下的plan asset的schedule
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Difference between expected return and actual return | | |
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file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\ksohtml\wps_clip_image-3757.png
注意：
1. Expected return 计算分别为
Year 4: $400,000*9%=36,000 Year 5: $455,000*10%=45,500
9%和10%分别为当年的settlement rate
2. Difference between expected and actual return之间的差额是倒轧出来的
Step 3: Determine amortization of unrecognized gain/loss from prious periods
首先：unrecognized gain/loss的金额多少？
Unrecognized gain/loss来源有两处，一处是plan asset的expected return和actual return的差异，另一处是PBO的假设发生变化导致PBO的变动。这里unrecognized gain/loss来自于后者。第4年年初，没有任何gain/loss from previous period, 所以第4年摊销的金额是0. 但是在第4年年底的时候，因为plan asset的expected return和actual return产生了差异，所以在第5年年初有$106,000的unrecognized loss 需要摊销(详见step 2).
然后：加权人均工作年限是多少？
Step 1已计算出所有员工的服务年限累加是100+95+90+…+5=1050年，一共有100个员工，所以加权人均工作年限是10.5年。
最后：摊销至每期的金额是多少？
第5年年初PBO和plan asset分别为$821,500和$455,000。在corridor method下， max ($821,500, $455,000) *10%=$82,150.
第5年摊销的金额为($106,000-$82,150)/10.5=$2,271
Step 4: record service cost （increase PBO）
Service cost 题目中已经给定，所以，会计分录为
Step 5: record interest on PBO (increase PBO)
Interest = PBO at beginning of the year*settlement rate
Year 4 interest = $550,000*9%=$49,500
Year 5 interest = $821,500*10%=$82,150
file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\ksohtml\wps_clip_image-24324.png
注意：interest cost在Pension被修订之后就需要用调整后新的PBO计算利息费用
会计分录是
Step 6: record return on plan asset (increase/decrease plan asset)
参照第二步的schedule of changes in plan asset，相应的会计分录是
file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\ksohtml\wps_clip_image-3556.png
注意： 1. 只有expected return计入当期的pension cost
2. 影响pension liability变动的是actual return of plan asset
3. actual return和expected return之间的差异计入OCI，在后续期间摊销
Step 7: record initial recognition of prior service cost (increase PBO)
因为amendment只在第五年年初的时候发生过，因而会计分录是
注意：prior service需要先确认为PBO,但是相对应的pension cost不是一次性确认，而是在后续期间摊销（详见step 7）
Step 8: record amortization of prior service cost
Step 1已经计算出prior service cost的摊销金额，因而会计分录是
Step 9: record amortization of unrecognized gain and loss
Step 3已经计算出unrecognized gain/loss的摊销额，这一步会计分录是
Step 10: record deferred tax for OCI
Step 11: record company contribution (increase plan asset)
作者: mcjm26 时间: 2014-5-23 00:39
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作者: AnWiHwLi 时间: 2015-4-29 12:04
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作者: kksk97 时间: 2015-4-29 16:40
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作者: yinshi666 时间: 2016-5-28 17:05
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作者: yinshi666 时间: 2016-5-29 10:04
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作者: icicbaby 时间: 2016-10-17 13:39
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